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Peter Guthrie Tait

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Scottish mathematical physicist (1831-1901) who, with chemist Alexander Crum Brown, produced the first systematic tables of alternating knots (1876-77) at Lord Kelvin's urging -- work that followed, rather than merely illustrated, Tait's own 1867 smoke-ring demonstration of Helmholtz's vortex-ring theory, the experiment that had inspired Kelvin's vortex atom theory in the first place. Also a leading expositor of quaternions and, with Kelvin, co-author of the Treatise on Natural Philosophy.

Facts
Birth Date
1831-04-28 1
Birth Year
1831 1
Death Date
1901-07-04 1
Death Year
1901 1
Birthplace
Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland 1
Death Place
Edinburgh, Scotland 1
Nationality / Culture
Scottish 1
Defining Contribution
Built the smoke-ring apparatus that experimentally verified Helmholtz's 1858 vortex-ring theory in 1867, the demonstration that inspired Lord Kelvin's vortex atom theory; Kelvin then urged Tait, with Alexander Crum Brown, to classify knots as a framework for that theory, producing the first systematic tables of alternating knots up to 11 crossings (1876-77) by geometric intuition Tait himself called "tentative," yet accurate. Foundational to knot theory as a mathematical discipline, independent of the vortex atom theory itself, which was later abandoned. 1
Notable Work
Elementary Treatise on Quaternions (1867) 2
Notable Work
First systematic tables of alternating knots to 11 crossings (1876-77); the three Tait conjectures on alternating knots later drawn from this work, all eventually proven, the last (the flyping conjecture) in 1991 2
Notable Work
Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867, with Lord Kelvin) 2
Award
Keith Medal (1867-69) 2
Award
Royal Medal (1886) 2
Award
Smith's Prize (1852, senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman) 2
Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Sources
1. Peter Guthrie Tait, Biography (MacTutor History of Mathematics)
MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
2. Peter Guthrie Tait (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia Foundation
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